Highlights:

1. Physical, intellectual, emotional and social developments

Physical

• Growth : changes in appearance, body shape and weight
• Development in one’s physical skills: gross motor skills (e.g. running) and fine motor skills (e.g.writing)

Intellectual

• Development of the ability to memorize, reason, analyze and make rational decisions including language development and cognitive development

Emotional

• Development of the ability to recognize and express emotions properly, including joy, anger, grief, fear and frustration
• Development of the ability to cope with stress, worries and depression in daily life

Social

• Development of the ability to establish and maintain good relationships with others

Reading:

• Booklet
• Family Health Service Department of Health
• Family Life Education Resource Centre

Application:

• Tasks & Worksheets

2. Theories of Development

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

• Sensorimotor
• Preoperational
• Concrete operational
• Formal operational

Freud’s theory of psychosexual development

• Oral Stage
• Anal Stage
• Phallic Stage
• Latency Stage
• Genital Stage

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development

• Trust versus mistrust
• Autonomy versus shame and doubt
• Initiative versus guilt
• Industry versus inferiority
• Identity versus role confusion
• Intimacy versus isolation
• Generativity versus stagnation
• Integrity versus despair

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

• Pre-conventional Level
  • Stage 1 punishment-obedience orientation
  • Stage 2 instrumental-relativist orientation
• Conventional Level
  • Stage 3 interpersonal-concordance orientation
  • Stage 4 authority and social order-maintaining orientation
• Post-Conventional Level
  • Stage 5 social-contract legalistic orientation
  • Stage 6 universal ethical principle orientation

3. Attachment

• Secure attachment
• Ambivalent attachment
• Avoidant attachment

4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs: physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, need for self-actualisation

5. Self-concept

• Self-image – how one perceives and understands oneself
• Ideal self – a person that one would like to be
• Self-esteem – how one feels and judges oneself

6. Socialisation

• The lifelong process of acquiring values, skills and behaviours expected of individuals as a member of a particular society

7. Socialising agents

• Primary Socialisation – family, with parents, siblings and relatives
• Secondary Socialisation – friends or peers outside home
• Tertiary Socialisation – other formal groups in the society

8. Family

• A social group linked by consanguinity or marriage

9. Parenting Style

• Neglecting
• Permissive
• Authoritarian
• Authoritative

10. Life events

• Anticipated
• Unanticipated

11. Five stages of grief (Kübler-Ross)

• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Depression
• Acceptance

12. Coping and resilience

• Coping strategies: dealing with (1) emotion and (2) problem
• Positive thinking (Barrie Hopson)
• Rational and irrational beliefs (Ellis)
• ABC Model of Ellis – ‘A’ =Activating Events; ‘B’= Beliefs.; ‘C’= Consequent Emotions

Power-point